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Hokusai was an <span class='nw'>artist</span> / born in Edo. // He is known for
creating the <span class='nw'>woodblock</span> print series / <i>[Thirty-six]</i> <i>Views</i> <i>of</i> <i>[Mt.]</i>
<i>Fuji</i>. // This series made him famous / both in Japan and around
the world. // He began working on it / when he was over seventy. //
In the series / he <span class='nw'>produced</span> views of [Mt.] Fuji / seen from various
places. // He drew special <span class='nw'>features</span> of those places / and <span class='nw'>included</span>
figures of people. // The first work of the series, / <i>The</i> <i>Great</i> <i>Wave</i>
<i>off</i> <i>Kanagawa</i>, / is very famous. // In this work, / we can see a
sharp contrast / between the huge wave in the <span class='nw'>foreground</span> / and
the small [Mt.] Fuji in the <span class='nw'>distance</span>. //

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Artists in Europe were surprised / to see [Mt.] Fuji / in the
center of breaking waves. // However, / not many of us know / that
Hokusai himself was also <span class='nw'>influenced</span> / by European <span class='nw'>paintings</span>. //
He used a ruler and a <span class='nw'>compass</span> / to decide the <span class='nw'>composition</span> of his
work. // In <i>The</i> <i>Great</i> <i>Wave</i> in Figure 1, / Hokusai first drew two
lines <span class='nw'>diagonally</span> / across the <span class='nw'>canvas</span> / from corner to corner. // He
then measured the canvas <span class='nw'>height</span> / with his compass / and drew
a fan. // Finally, / he drew the <span class='nw'>edge</span> of the waves and [Mt.] Fuji /
where the lines and the fan met. //

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In the Edo <span class='nw'>Period</span>, / Japan was closed to foreign countries. // However, / different kinds of books came in / from <span class='nw'>Holland</span>. //
Holland was <span class='nw'>allowed</span> to trade with Japan / even in those days. //
The <i>[ukiyo-e]</i> artists in Edo / <span class='nw'>probably</span> had chances to see the
pictures / in those books. // Hokusai and others learned / about
the composition of Western paintings. // In his <i>[Thirty-six]</i> <i>Views</i>
<i>of</i> <i>[Mt.]</i> <i>Fuji</i>, / we can see the influence of <span class='nw'>perspective</span> / used in
Western paintings. // He later developed his own style. // He
used simple shapes / such as <span class='nw'>circles</span> and <span class='nw'>triangles</span> / to decide the
composition of his works. // There was another thing / which
made Hokusai’s <span class='nw'>printings</span> different from other works. // He used
a special [man-made] paint / called <span class='nw'>Prussian</span> blue. // Prussian blue
is a beautiful blue paint / never used in [Japanese-style] <span class='nw'>artwork</span>
before. // With this strong color for the waves, / Hokusai has
impressed people / through the ages. //

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